Politician. Member of Parliament for Vaucluse (1919), Minister of Colonies (1924), President of the Council (1933), Prime Minister under Albert Lebrun (January and February 1934). Serving several times as Minister of War, he signed the Munich Agreement and the declaration of war against Germany. He was dismissed by Pétain before being deported to Germany, where he remained until 1945.
Geologist, professor of applied geology at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Algiers, president of the Institute of Saharan Research. Member of Parliament for Algiers (1946).
Brillant officier de cavalerie de Louis XIV, lieutenant général de ses armées, il se distingua à Garpi (1702), à Asti (1705) et a été fait prisonnier à Oudenarde (1708) ; il était en outre sous-lieutenant des mousquetaires.
Historien et romancier, il s’est notamment intéressé à l’Histoire de l’Empire britannique et à ses personnages les plus marquants (Jane Grey, Marie Stuart ou Cromwell).